I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

Fantastic Beasts and where (not) to find them: Local gravitational energy and energy conservation in general relativity

This paper critically examines energy-momentum conservation and local (differential) notions of gravitational energy in General Relativity (GR). On the one hand, I argue that energy-momentum of matter is indeed locally (differentially) conserved: Physical matter energy-momentum 4-currents possess no genuine sinks/sources. On the other hand, global (integral) energy-momentum conservation is contingent on spacetime symmetries. Local gravitational energy-momentum is found to be a supererogatory notion. Various explicit proposals for local gravitational energy-momentum are investigated and found wanting. Besides pseudotensors, the proposals considered include those of Lorentz and Levi-Civita, Pitts and Baker. It is concluded that the ontological commitment we ought to have towards gravitational energy in GR mimics the natural anti-realism/eliminativism towards apparent forces in Newtonian Mechanics.     

双自由度磁悬浮式桥梁振动能量采集器数值仿真和优化

提出了一种能利用桥梁振动能量为传感器持续供电的双自由度磁悬浮振动能量采集器(TMEH),该系统的能量采集效率远高于传统单自由度磁悬浮振动能量采集器(SMEH).推导了TMEH系统的运动控制方程和机电耦合方程;建立了TMEH的多目标优化模型,提出了基于NSGA2算法的能量采集器参数优化设计方法;最后将TMEH和SMEH在简谐振动激励和桥梁随机振动激励作用下的响应特性和能量采集效率进行了对比.研究结果表明:1)通过NSGA2算法优化设计,TMEH能获得更宽的采能带宽和更高的输出功率;2)TMEH比SMEH的采能效率有明显提高.在简谐振动激励和桥梁随机振动激励作用下,TMEH的输出功率比SMEH增加了约2倍.     

KL油田沙三下亚段混合沉积特征及演化

针对目前莱州湾凹陷南斜坡带KL油田沙河街组三段下亚段陆源碎屑与碳酸盐岩混合沉积形成条件、沉积特征及模式认识程度较低的问题，利用该区壁芯、薄片及扫描电镜等资料，结合构造演化、古气候和古地貌背景，在层序格架约束下研究沉积环境，分析其沉积特征。结果表明，研究区发育混合沉积，形成于宽缓斜坡、亚热带湿润气候，兼具湖平面、物源、水动力条件周期性变化等条件；该混合沉积包括相缘渐变混合与原地混合两种沉积类型，互层式和组分式两种混合模式，以及4种混合样式。两种混合沉积类型沉积机理不同，混合模式及组合样式表现较大差异，因而具有不同的储层微观特征。     

波动方程在半无穷柱体和外部区域上的空间爆破和衰减性

利用能量分析的方法, 首先考虑定义在三维半无穷柱体上的波动方程, 当空间变量趋于无穷时, 证明其解或者指数式增长或者指数式衰减; 其次, 考虑定义在球面外部区域上的波动方程, 证明其解随半径的二择一结果； 最后, 证明对于非线性弹性方程, 二择性定理仍有效.     

Gevrey势能的离散拟周期 Schrodinger算子的非扰动Anderson局域化

考虑一类具有Gevrey势能的离散拟周期Schrodinger算子, 其中其势能可写成一维环面上的大值解析函数加上Gevrey小扰动. 用大偏差定理和半代数理论证明在大系数下, 对任意的固定相位以及对几乎所有的频率, 该算子满足非扰动的Anderson局域化.     

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C powder system

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C power system was studied by in-situ and static experimental investigations along with theoretical calculations. The reaction process was as follows. Firstly,B_4C decomposed into B and C atoms, and then B atoms diffused into Cu–Ni matrix, leading to the formation of Ni_2B particles. Subsequently, Ni atoms diffused into B_4C, forming a loose mixture of Ni_2B and amorphous C at the initial powder boundary. Finally, with the completion of reaction, Ni_2B particles at the powder boundary grew into a monolithic block, and then C substance was excluded out and accumulated at the edge of this monolithic Ni_2B block. It is believed that the formation of Ni_2B phase is caused by the most negative change of Gibbs free energy among all the potential reactions between Ni–B and Ni–B_4C systems.     

基于光伏获能的WSNs节点能量管理策略

针对WSNs中基于预测算法的能量分配与管理机制的不足,研究太阳能可充电无线传感器网络中能耗管理,提出基于历史获能的能量中性管理机制。设计了一种自适应跟踪太阳光的节点获能模型,进而构建了一种基于历史获能的能量中性管理机制,根据当前操作周期中由太阳能转化而来的可用能量,调节下一操作周期中节点工作的占空比,以解决节点太阳能获取与节点能耗的优化问题。理论分析与实验结果表明,提出的基于历史获能的能量中性管理机制,实现了太阳能电池板大小与节点能耗的最佳匹配,为太阳能可充电无线传感器网络中的能量获取及能耗管理提供了值得借鉴的解决方案。     

人生自是有情痴,此恨不关风与月——唐明皇形象在古代文学作品中的演变

唐明皇与杨贵妃缠绵哀婉的爱恋,永恒闪烁在浩瀚灿烂的历史星空。从《长恨歌》到《梧桐雨》,再到《长生殿》,唐明皇这一艺术形象逐渐由王权主宰者演变为人间至情的守护者。这种演变一方面受时代风尚和文学体裁的影响,另一方面则是由不同时代创作主体的创作意图的差异造成的。     

突破性创新联盟知识共享演化博弈研究

企业突破性创新成为企业竞争中致胜的利器,而突破性创新具有高投入、高风险和高产出等特点,使企业倾向于通过获取组织外部创新知识资源来促进企业突破性创新活动。而突破性创新联盟知识共享能够有效降低独自创新所面临的巨大风险与投入。应用演化博弈方法来分析突破性创新联盟组织间知识共享问题。研究结论:通过减少成本投入量、增强惩罚系数、扩大知识投入量、提高知识吸收能力均可有效地促进突破性创新联盟间的知识共享,提升企业突破性创新水平。